Spatiotemporal trajectories of invasive tree species reveal the importance of collective action for successful invasion management

Biological invasions are complex processes requiring coordinated and spatially targeted management. This study assessed spatiotemporal trajectories determinants of Prosopis cover in Baringo County, Kenya. Land data for every seven years between 1988 2016 revealed the presence Prosopis. We tested trajectory clusters using spatial autocorrelation overlaid categories with landscape features. Generally, most plots were only temporarily managed or not at all, while continuous management occurred mainly near rivers on suitable cultivation. Parcels within 250 m from roads, which dispersal pathways seeds, rarely cleared conclude that successful requires incentives stakeholders’ engagement collective action a level. Trajectory mapping should be integrated into planning tools to foster prioritization timely context-specific response mechanisms.